Etiology • May be nonspecific and reactive to local factors (plaque, calculus) • May be related to hormonal changes (pregnancy, puberty) • May be associated with drug use, including phenytoin,
cyclosporine, calcium channel blockers (especially nifedipine) • A familial form exists • Some cases may be related to Cowden disease and syndromes
such as Zimmerman-Laband, Rutherfurd’s, Cross, or MurrayPuretic-Drescher.
• May be secondary to leukemic infiltrate
Clinical Presentation • Bulky enlargement of free and attached gingiva • Blunted interdental papillae • Soft and boggy to firm and dense in texture • Pink to reddish blue
Diagnosis • Medical history • Biopsy
Differential Diagnosis • See “Etiology.”
cyclosporine, calcium channel blockers (especially nifedipine) • A familial form exists • Some cases may be related to Cowden disease and syndromes
such as Zimmerman-Laband, Rutherfurd’s, Cross, or MurrayPuretic-Drescher.
• May be secondary to leukemic infiltrate
Clinical Presentation • Bulky enlargement of free and attached gingiva • Blunted interdental papillae • Soft and boggy to firm and dense in texture • Pink to reddish blue
Diagnosis • Medical history • Biopsy
Differential Diagnosis • See “Etiology.”
Treatment • Identification and elimination of cause, if possible • Gingivoplasty and improvement of oral hygiene may be indi-
cated in some cases.
Prognosis • Good • Often requires repeated excision