Metabolic and Genetic Disorders

Bilezikian JP, Silverberg SJ. Clinical spectrum of primary hyperparathyroidism. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2000;1:237–45.
Danesh F, Ho LT. Dialysis-related amyloidosis: history and clinical manifestations. Semin Dial 2001;14:80–5.
Garcia RI, Henshaw MM, Krall EA. Relationship between periodontal disease and systemic health. Periodontol 2000 2001;25:21–36.
Hendy GN. Molecular mechanisms of primary hyperparathyroiodism. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2000;1:297–305.

Malignant Nonodontogenic Tumors

Antunes NL, Gorlick R, Callaja E, Lis E. Numb chin syndrome in Ewing sarcoma. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2000;22:521–3.
August M, Magennis P, Dewitt D. Osteogenic sarcoma of the jaws: factors influencing prognosis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1997;26:198–204.

Tooth Abnormalities

Aldred MJ, Crawford PJ. Molecular biology of hereditary enamel defects. Ciba Found Symp 1997;205:200–5.
Anavi Y, Kaplinsky C, Calderon S, Zaizov R. Head, neck, and maxillofacial childhood Burkitt’s lymphoma: a retrospective analysis of 31 patients. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1990;48:708–13.
Ansari G, Reid JS. Dentinal dysplasia type I: review of the literature and report of a family. ASDC J Dent Child 1997;64:429–34.

Inflammatory Diseases

Additional Reading 365
Aitasalo K, Niinikoski J, Grenman R, Virolainen E. A modified protocol for early treatment of osteomyelitis and osteoradionecrosis of the mandible. Head Neck 1998;20:411–7.
Blinder D, Yahatom R, Taicher S. Oral manifestations of sarcoidosis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1997;83:458–61.

Benign Nonodontogenic Tumors

Al-Ammar AY, Tewfik TL, Bond M, Schloss MD. Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis: paediatric head and neck study. J Otolaryngol 1999;28: 266–72.
Horning GM, Cohen ME, Neils TA. Buccal alveolar exostoses: prevalence, characteristics, and evidence for buttressing bone formation. J Periodontol 2000;71:1032–42.

Odontogenic Tumors

Barker BF. Odontogenic myxoma. Semin Diagn Pathol 1999;16:297–301. Cross JJ, Pilkington RJ, Antoun NM, Adlam DM. Value of computed
tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in the treatment of a calcifying epithelial odontogenic (Pindborg) tumour. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000;38:154–7.
Dunlap CL. Odontogenic fibroma. Semin Diagn Pathol 1999;16:293–6. Houston GD, Fowler CB. Extraosseous calcifying epithelial odontogenic

Cysts

Aguilo L, Cibrian R, Bagan JV, Gandia JL. Eruption cysts: retrospective clinical study of 36 cases. ASDC J Dent Child 1998;65:102–6.
Barreto DC, De Marco L, Castro WH, Gomez RS. Glandular odontogenic cyst: absence of PTCH gene mutation. J Oral Pathol Med 2001;30:125–8.

Lymphoid Lesions

Buchner A, Hansen LS. Lymphoepithelial cysts of the oral cavity. A clinicopathologic study of thirty-eight cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1980;50:441–9.
Cruchley AT, Williams DM, Niedobitek G, Young LS. Epstein-Barr virus: biology and disease. Oral Dis 1997;3 Suppl 1:S156–63.
Kanis JA, McCloskey EV. Bisphosphonates in multiple myeloma. Cancer 2000;88(12 Suppl):3022–32.
Kirita T, Ohgi K, Shimooka H, et al. Primary non-Ho

Salivary Gland Diseases

Biasi D, Caramaschi P, Ambrosetti A, et al. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of the salivary glands occurring in patients affected by Sjogren’s syndrome: report of 6 cases. Acta Haematol 2001;105:83–8.
Daniels TE. Evaluation, differential diagnosis, and treatment of xerostomia. J Rheumatol Suppl 2000;61:6–10.
Esch TR. Pathogenetic factors in Sjogren’s syndrome:

Connective Tissue Lesions

Adornato MC, Paticoff KA. Intralesional corticosteroids injection for treatment of central giant-cell granuloma. J Am Dent Assoc 2001;132: 186–90.
Antoniades DZ, Belazi M, Papanayiotou P. Concurrence of torus palatinus with palatal and buccal exostosis: case report and review of the literature. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1998;85:552–7.

Verrucal-Papillary Lesions

Batsakis JG, Suarez P, el-Naggar AK. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and its related lesions. Oral Oncol 1999;35:354–9.
Beham A, Regauer S, Soyer HP, Beham-Schmid C. Keratoacanthoma: a clinically distinct variant of well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Adv Anat Pathol 1998;5:269–80.

Pigmentary Disorders

Barker B, Carpenter WM, Daniels TE, et al. Oral mucosal melanomas: the WESTOP Banff workshop proceedings. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1997;83:672–9.
Birek C, Main JHP. Two cases of oral pigmentation associated with quinidine therapy. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1988;66:59–61.
Buchner A, Hansen L. Amalgam pigmentation (amalgam tattoo) of the oral mucosa: a clinicopathologic study of 268 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1980;49:139–47.

Additional Reading White Lesions

Additional Reading
White Lesions
Appleton SS. Candidiasis: pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, and treatment. J Calif Dent Assoc 2000;28:942–8.
Axell T, Pindborg JJ, Smith CJ, van der Waal I. Oral white lesions with special reference to precancerous and tobacco-related lesions: conclusions of an international symposium held in Uppsala, Sweden, May 18–21, 1994. International Collaborative Group on Oral White Lesions. J Oral Pathol Med 1996;25:49–54.

Ulcerative Conditions

Bentzen SM, Ruifrok AC, Thames HD. Repair capacity and kinetics for human mucosa and epithelial tumors in the head and neck: clinical data on the effect of changing the time interval between multiple fractions. Radiother Oncol 1996;38:89–101.
Califano J, van der Reit P, Clayman G, et al. A genetic progression model for head and neck cancer: implications for field cancerization. Cancer Res 1996;56:2488–92.
Callen JP. Oral manifestations of collagen vascular disease. Semin Cutan Med Surg 1997;16:323–7.

Vesiculobullous Diseases

Additional Reading 351
Birek C. Herpesvirus-induced diseases: oral manifestations and current treatment options. J Calif Dent Assoc 2000;28:911–21.
Cunningham MW. Pathogenesis of group A streptococcal infections. Clin Microbiol Rev 2000;13:470–511.
Dabelsteen E. Molecular biological aspects of acquired bullous diseases. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 1998;9:162–78.

Red/Blue Lesions

Boshoff C, Chang Y. Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus: a new DNA tumor virus. Annu Rev Med 2001;52:453–70.
Boshoff C, Weiss RA. Epidemiology and pathogenesis of Kaposi’s sarcomaassociated herpesvirus. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2001;356: 517–34.

Tuberculosis

• Systemic therapy (prolonged treatment with at least 2 drugs)
• Isoniazid 300 mg daily × 6 mo • Rifampin 450–600 mg daily × 6 mo • Ethambutol 15 mg/kg daily for first 2 mo • Pyrazinamide 1.5–2.5 mg/kg for first 2 mo

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

• Topical therapy (compounded rinses)
• Option 1 – Diphenhydramine 200 mg, viscous lidocaine 90 mL,
Maalox suspension 90 mL, distilled water 180 mL – Swish 5 mL for 2 min and expectorate 3–4 times/d
• Option 2 – Dexamethasone 100 mg, viscous lidocaine 60 mL,
diphenhydramine 200 mg, sorbitol 15 mL, Maalox suspension to 275 mL–

Recurrent Herpes Simplex Labialis or Stomatitis

• Topical therapy
• Penciclovir cream (Denavir) 1% 1.5 g tube; apply at the onset of symptoms every 2 h × 4 d
• Docosanol cream (Abreva) 10%; apply topically at the onset of symptoms q2–3h 5 times daily
• Acyclovir ointment 5% 3 g tube; apply at the onset of symptoms 6 times daily × 7 d

Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (Aphthosis)

• Classify disease into simple versus complex • Simple aphthosis
• Amlexanox paste 5 g (Aphthasol); apply to ulcers after meals and at bedtime
• Fluocinonide 0.05% gel/cream 60 g – Apply to early lesions after meals and at bedtime. – Do not apply to ulcers.
• Compounded rinse option 1 – Diphenhydramine parenteral (or 12.5 mg/5 mL non-